While virtually all banks are private businesses and not a part of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, they have charters granted either federally or by a given state which demand that they adhere to all federal banking regulations. This is primarily enforced through the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the United States Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Even state-chartered banks that have local licenses and therefore must comply with federal rules because they use federal payment systems and hold federal deposit insurance.
It is under the maxim 'notice to agent is notice to principal' that a banking client (e.g. an account holder) is able to demand redemption in lawful money, and the bank, working as an 'acting agent', delivers this message, typically at the end-of-year accounting, to the Federal Reserve System and the IRS for interest-bearing accounts. Thereby, being a client of the bank, allows one to redeem Federal Reserve Notes at the banking location rather than needing to contact the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the Federal Reserve System one's self. This entire process is expressed in the fact that a check is only required by law to be cashed by one's own bank or the issuing bank for the check - every other bank may outright refuse (e.g. they are not one's agent and do not hold a bank-client relationship). Extrapolated, no bank without a previously existing customer-relationship would desire to take on more risk/work (e.g. check is fraudulent, lawful money redemption reporting, etc.) if they didn't need to. One's own bank on the other hand is required to do this by law: hold funds, cash a check, report redemption in lawful money, etc.
NOTE: When using a "cash-checking place" they charge a fee, and then this check is deposited into their business account via a "Pay To The Order Of" stamp on the back. The cash-checking business does not receive the lawful money redemption actions from the previous holder of the negotiable instrument. Further, the check ending up "somewhere" in the banking system serves as proof of the original check recipient redeeming in lawful money - although the bank does not need to issue any special notice to any government entity because the "current holder" did not also redeem in lawful money.
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